Klinička slika spinalne mišićne atrofije (SMA) procjenjuje se prema ozbiljnosti i vremenu nastupa simptoma, pri čemu su najčešći simptomi hipotonija te slabost i atrofija mišića1,3:
Ova se bolest često klasificira u dvije kategorije: SMA s nastupom u dojenačkoj dobi (odgovara tipu I) i SMA s kasnijim nastupom (odgovara tipovima II, III i IV). Znakovi i simptomi te vrijeme njihove pojave ovise o tipu bolesti. Trenutno približno 60% bolesnika koji su rođeni sa SMA-om ima najteži fenotip bolesti, tip I.2–7
Simptomi su slični onima kod SMA tipa III, uz postupnu pojavu slabosti, tremora i mišićnih grčeva koje su bolesnici prvi put primijetili u kasnoj mladenačkoj ili odrasloj dobi.
Prirodni tijek SMA karakterizira progresivna atrofija mišića i gubitak motoričkih sposobnosti, a za procjenu prirodnog tijeka bolesti i odgovora na liječenje razvijeno je nekoliko ljestvica za ocjenu motoričkih funkcija.5,6,8,11–13
1. Prior TW, Russman BS. Spinal muscular atrophy. NCBI Bookshelf Web site. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1352/?report=printable. | 2. Wang CH, Finkel RS, Bertini ES, et al; and Participants of the International Conference on SMA Standard of Care. Consensus statement for standard of care in spinal muscular atrophy. J Child Neurol. 2007;22(8):1027-1049. | 3. MedicinePlus. Medical Encyclopedia. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. | 4. Markowitz JA, Singh P, Darras BT. Spinal muscular atrophy: a clinical and research update. Pediatr Neurol. 2012;46(1):1-12. | 5. Darras BT, Royden Jones H Jr, Ryan MM, De Vivo DC, eds. Neuromuscular Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence: A Clinician’s Approach. 2nd ed. London, UK: Elsevier; 2015. | 6. Lunn MR, Wang CH. Spinal muscular atrophy. Lancet. 2008;371(9630):2120-2133. | 7. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Spinal muscular atrophy, Type III; SMA3. http://www.omim.org/entry/253400. | 8. Genetics Home Reference. SMN1. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SMN1. Published April 20, 2016. | 9. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type VA; HMN5A. http://www.omim.org/entry/600794. Edited January 2, 2014. | 10. Irobi J, Dierick I, Jordanova A, Claeys KG, De Jonghe P, Timmerman V. Unraveling the genetics of distal hereditary motor neuropathies. Neuromolecular Med. 2006;8(1-2):131-146. | 11. Glanzman AM, Mazzone E, Main M, et al. The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND): test development and reliability. Neuromuscul Disord. 2010;20(3):155-161. | 12. Romeo DM, Ricci D, Brogna C, Mercuri E. Use of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination in infants with cerebral palsy: a critical review of the literature. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58(3):240-245. | 13. Mercuri E, Finkel R, Montes J, et al. Patterns of disease progression in type 2 and 3 SMA: implications for clinical trials. Neuromuscul Disord. 2016;26(2):123-131. | 14. Spinal Muscular Atrophy Clinical Research Center. CHOP INTEND for SMA Type I score sheet. http://columbiasma.org/docs/cme-2010/CHOP INTEND for SMA Type I - Score Sheet.pdf. | 15. Arhivski podatki. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA. | 16. The Pediatric Neuromuscular Clinical Research Network for SMA. Expanded Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale for SMA (HFMSE). http://columbiasma.org/links.html.
Biogen-146730 | Lipanj 2022.